SAT高分必读|寻证题中对于复杂文本的应对方式~-澜大教育官网

SAT高分必读|寻证题中对于复杂文本的应对方式~

发布时间：2025/05/27 17:05:25

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在SAT的阅读部分，有时候文章内容很抽象，词语很阴间，我们感觉看不懂该怎么办？其实，我们要有明确的目标意识。我们在考试中读文章是为了把题目做对，而不是读完文章后成为相关领域的专家，因此不重要的内容其实也不需要读懂。我们可以看一下下面这道题目。

A student in a political science course is writing a paper on Aristotle's The Politics, in which Aristotle ofers his opinion on political instability and gives advice on how constitutions can be preserved Aristotle observes that different forms of government can fall in different ways--for example, oligarchies might grant power to military leaders during wartime who refuse to relinquish that power during peacetime-but some methods of preserving order apply across all forms of government. The student claims that in particular Aristotle asserts that in a healthy state obedience to law must be as close to absolute as possible and that even minor infractions should not be ignored.

Which quotation from a philosopher's analysis of The Politics would best support the student's claim?

"When Aristotle considers the health of constitutions, he states that Constitutions are preserved when their destroyers are at a distance, and sometimes also because they are near, for the fear of them makes the government keep in hand the constitution.' He holds that rulers who wish to see constitutions preserved must continually remind the populace of the dangers that would result from a constitutional collapse."
"When constructing his argument regarding the characteristics of a well- functioning goverqment, Aristotle asserts that transgression creeps in unperceived and at last ruins the state,' illustrating this idea with a comparison to frequent small expenditures slowly and almost imperceptibly chipping away at a fortune until it is ultimately depleted."
"When contrasting different forms of government, Aristotle holds that ‘oligarchies may last, not from any inherent stability in such forms of government, but because the rulers are on good terms both with the unenfranchised and with the governing classes.' That is, oligarchic leaders who wish to hold on to power will introduce members of disenfranchised classes into government in a participatory role."
"When Aristotle writes on the necessity of avoiding corruption in government, he proposes that 'every state should be so administered and so regulated by law that its magistrates cannot possibly make money.' In particular, he thinks oligarchies are particularly susceptible to corruption through bribery."

文章开头讲到了亚里士多德的政治学内容，很多同学已经觉得头皮发麻了，政治这种鬼东西离我远点！后面又出现一堆奇奇怪怪的术语，什么oligarchy，莫说不能查字典，就算能查，字典释义是 “寡头政治”，什么鬼？难道是寡妇的人头在搞政治？刷点SAT题咋还玩恐怖呢？

其实，我们完全可以根据题型的不同策略，绕开一些不重要的内容。这道题通过审题明确是寻证题，而寻证题的答案都是针对文章结论的进行加强或削弱，因此可以说结论句才是唯一重要的。当然，有些结论必须结合前文才能理解，但至少我们可以先重点关注结论句。这道题中，结论句是zui后一句，仔细一看，不就是讲的是“必须遵纪守法，对违法零容忍”嘛！前文抽象了半天，到结论句直接眉清目秀了！所以对于这道题我们直接看选项，选择强调必须守法的那一个，也就是B。

我们再看一道题目

Neurobiologists Laura Cuaya, Raúl Hernández-Pérez, and colleagues investigated the language detection abilities of eighteen dogs of various ages. The researchers monitored the brain activity of Odín (a 54-month-old border collie), Bingo (a 37-month-old mixed breed), and other dogs while the animals listened to threc recordings: onc of The Little Prince being read in Spanish, the second in Hungarian, and a third made up of short, randomly selected fragments of the first two, scrambled so that they didn't resemble human speech. Each of the dogs was familiar with either Spanish or Hungarian, but not both. The team concluded that the younger the dog. the worse it may be at differentiating between familiar and unfamiliar languages.

Which finding from the study, if true, would most directly support the team's conclusion?

Although the dogs' general hearing sensitivity declined with age, dogs of all ages showed more brain activity in response to hearing the language they were accustomed to than in response to hearing the other language.
As the age of the dog scanned decreased, so did the amount of brain activity in response to hearing the language the dog was accustomed to or the other language, but not in response to hearing the scrambled recording.
Dogs showed a different pattern of brain activity when hearing the language they were accustomed to than when hearing the other language, and the difference in brain activity decreased as the age of the dog scanned decreased.
The similarity between the pattern of brain activity a dog showed in response to hearing the scrambled recording and the pattern it showed in response to hearing the language it was not accustomed to was lowest among younger dogs.

文章开头对于科学试验的背景和过程做了繁琐的描述，如果看着头大，大可以先看结论句。其实zui后一句也就是结论句说的无非是狗越年轻越能分辨熟悉的语言和不熟的语言，没什么高深的内容。接来下来看哪个选项讨论的是年龄和分辨熟悉与不熟悉语言的关系就可以了，轻松选出C来。

总结：寻证题作为一种特殊题型，其实结论句是zui核心的。如果我们在某些句子和细节上读起来找不到方向，不妨先把注意力放在结论句上，可能会有柳暗花明之感。

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